Benzene Under 1910.1028: Your Wellsite Is Excluded, Your Tank Cleaning Crew Is Not
OSHA sets benzene at a 1 ppm PEL and a 0.5 ppm action level in 29 CFR 1910.1028, then excludes oil and gas drilling, production and servicing outright.
Industrial Hygiene
29 articles · All articles
Cadmium Exposure Limits Under 1910.1027: Why 3 µg/m³ Starts a Medical Surveillance Program
OSHA's cadmium PEL is 5 µg/m³ and the action level is 2.5 µg/m³ under 29 CFR 1910.1027. A result of 3 µg/m³ is lawful and still starts surveillance.
Lead in General Industry: What 29 CFR 1910.1025 Requires and Where It Parts Company With the Construction Standard
OSHA's general industry lead standard removes a worker at 60 micrograms per 100 grams of whole blood. The construction standard removes at 50. What 1910.1025 actually requires.
The Exposure Limit on Your SDS Was Set in 1968: How OSHA's Z Tables Work Under 1910.1000
Most OSHA permissible exposure limits date to 1971. What the Z tables in 1910.1000 require, the additive formula for mixtures, and where sampling duty starts.
Formaldehyde at 0.5 ppm: The Action Level That Starts a 6-Month Monitoring Cycle
Formaldehyde at 0.6 ppm is under the 0.75 ppm PEL and still over the action level, which starts 6-month monitoring and medical surveillance under 1910.1048.
When to Test Indoor Air for Mold, and What the Results Can Actually Prove
There is no federal mold standard and no legal limit for airborne mold. Here is what air, surface and bulk samples establish in a commercial building, what they cannot establish, and the three situations where sampling is worth the money.
Colorado Class VI Primacy Starts November 12. Your CO2 Compressor Building Still Answers to Federal OSHA.
Colorado's ECMC takes over Class VI carbon storage well permits on November 12, 2026. Here is what OSHA still requires at your CO2 capture and compression skid.
OSHA Silica Enforcement in Manufacturing: Your Own 300A Filing Is an Inspection Input
OSHA's silica PEL is 50 µg/m3 and the action level is 25 µg/m3. Here is how Site-Specific Targeting turns a manufacturer's own 300A filing into an inspection.
Creosote Exposure Limits and Workplace PPE: The OSHA Hazard Assessment That Has to Come First
OSHA regulates creosote as coal tar pitch volatiles: 0.2 mg/m³ PEL. Why a written hazard assessment under 1910.132(d) must come before any PPE selection.
Inhalable Microplastics in Recycling and Plastics Operations: Why the Missing Exposure Limit Is the Risk, Not the Reprieve
No OSHA limit covers inhalable microplastics, yet shredding spikes respirable particles up to 2,910x background. Here's how to monitor worker exposure now.
Your OSHA 300 Log Picks You for the Noise Inspection: What a Hearing Conservation Program Requires Under 1910.95
Compliance officers open a noise inspection by reading your OSHA 300 Log for threshold shifts. Here is what 1910.95 requires of a hearing conservation program.
Your Benzene Meter Cleared OSHA for Thirty Years. It Does Not Clear USCG Today.
A field PID with a 0.1 ppm benzene LOQ has 5x the LOQ of the USCG 0.02 ppm tank-entry ceiling. Here is what a defensible Marine Chemist's Certificate now requires.
At Six Samples, the Statistical Framework You Pick Decides Whether the Industrial Hygiene Report Survives an OSHA Contest
Pick Bayesian or Frequentist for a small-business exposure assessment and the same $4,050 budget yields a different defensible decision. A practitioner walk-through.
Your HCP Can Be OSHA-Compliant and Still Expose Workers to a 25% Hearing-Loss Risk, The 5 dB vs 3 dB Gap
OSHA enforces 90 dBA PEL with a 5 dB exchange rate. NIOSH, ACGIH, the EU, and the U.S. military all use 85 dBA with a 3 dB exchange rate. Here is how to design an HCP that satisfies both.
Bone Conduction Audiometry Doesn't Satisfy OSHA 1910.95, Where It Fits in a Compliant HCP
OSHA 1910.95(h)(1) requires pure-tone air conduction testing for the occupational audiogram. Bone conduction audiometry has a defined clinical follow-up role after a Standard Threshold Shift, but it cannot substitute for the required test. Here is how to build the HCP correctly.
Chemical Substitution Programs and the Hierarchy of Controls
Build a defensible chemical substitution program, hierarchy of controls, TSCA Section 6, OSHA General Duty Clause, and a documented alternatives assessment.
Sole IH, Six Plants: Clearing the Chemical Risk Assessment Backlog
How a sole industrial hygienist clears a chemical risk assessment backlog across multi-plant operations before the November 20, 2026 HazCom deadline.
One-Round IH Sampling Cannot Defend a Controlled Exposure Call
Why a single round of industrial hygiene sampling fails AIHA's Bayesian decision analysis test, and what a defensible multi-round assessment actually looks like for a small manufacturer.
Confined Space Blower CFM: Rated vs. Delivered Under 1910.146
Rated CFM is not delivered CFM. How to calculate confined-space blower output at the duct outlet and document it so OSHA cannot call ventilation inadequate.
OSHA's Ethylene Oxide ICR Just Showed a One-Third Drop in Periodic Medical Exams. Here's What That Means For Your 1910.1047 Program
OSHA's May 2026 EtO ICR shows a ~33% decline in 1910.1047 medical surveillance burden hours. What sterilizers and EtO manufacturers need to verify before a 2026 inspection.
What OSHA's $220 Million Silica Compliance Number Actually Tells You About Your Program
OSHA just published the largest silica compliance burden estimate ever, $220.8M annually across 818,438 employers. Learn what the numbers mean for your facility's compliance program and whether you're keeping pace with federal expectations.
Why Your Confined Space Purge Time Is Probably Wrong, A Field Guide to CFM Derate and the 7-Air-Change Myth
Most facilities size confined-space ventilation off blower nameplate CFM and assume 7 air changes purges the hazard. Both assumptions are wrong. Here's how to calculate actual delivered flow, account for duct loss, and know when air-change rules fail.
Why Your Half-Mask APF Math Is Incomplete: Breathing Resistance & Cartridge Selection
OSHA 1910.134(d)(1)(ii) requires pressure-drop analysis in respirator selection. How to document it and why workers abandon high-resistance masks.
Local Exhaust Ventilation for Multi-Operator Welding: Source Capture Under OSHA Hex Chrome Rules
How to design LEV for multiple simultaneous welders and meet OSHA 1910.1026 source-capture requirements when hexavalent chromium is in play.
400 Chemicals, One IH, No Sampling History: A Defensible Risk Assessment Framework for the First-Time Industrial Hygienist
A practical chemical risk assessment framework for the first-time or solo industrial hygienist inheriting 400+ chemicals. Built from OSHA HazCom 2024, Subpart Z, AIHA PGP, and NIOSH OEB.
The Chemicals Your Safety Lead Doesn't Own: SDS Review and Exposure Risks in Cleanroom Materials Development
Materials development facilities often have chemical exposures that neither the materials science team nor the safety department fully owns. Explore the regulatory gaps, hidden hazards, and SDS review requirements that protect cleanroom workers in battery, semiconductor, and advanced materials labs.
OSHA Isocyanate Exposure Limits for Coatings and Foam: MDI, TDI, and the HDI Gap
MDI and TDI carry 0.02 ppm ceiling limits under Table Z-1. HDI has no OSHA PEL at all. What the isocyanate exposure limits in polyurethane coatings and foam actually require, and why the 2013 emphasis program no longer applies.
What Actually Happens During an Industrial Hygiene Assessment
Walk through a real industrial hygiene assessment from start to finish.
Your Respiratory Protection Program Under 1910.134: What Has to Be in Writing, and the Part OSHA Proposed to Delete
29 CFR 1910.134 requires nine written program elements. OSHA proposed deleting the most cited one, and its own advisory committee voted 5 to 4 against it.